Where can books be made accessible for blind and print-disabled readers? (Marrakesh Treaty)
The 2013 Marrakesh Treaty is a copyright treaty with a humanitarian purpose. It requires its parties to allow books to be converted into accessible formats such as braille and audio without the copyright holder's permission, and to allow those copies to be sent across borders to other parties, so that one country's adaptation can serve readers in another. Move the slider to watch the treaty spread from the year it opened for signature.
Updated November 2026. Spotted a mistake? Tell us.
Has the country joined the Marrakesh Treaty on access to published works for persons who are blind or print-disabled?
Party to the Marrakesh Treaty (111)
Not a party (85)
Read this before you quote the map
- The year is when the state ratified or acceded, not always when the treaty took effect there, and a state may have joined with reservations that limit what it accepted.
- The year is the date of ratification or accession recorded by WIPO, which is not always the year the treaty took effect for that country.
- States with limited recognition (Kosovo, Taiwan, Somaliland, Northern Cyprus, Western Sahara) are left grey: most treaties are open only to states that the depositary recognises.
Sources
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TheLawToKnow Tools. Legal World Maps: Where can books be made accessible for blind and print-disabled readers? (Marrakesh Treaty). https://tools.thelawtoknow.com/legal-world-maps/marrakesh-treaty. Checked November 2026.
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