Law of Egypt

Module 4

Courts and the legal professions: the ordinary courts and the Court of Cassation, the State Council, the Supreme Constitutional Court, specialised courts, prosecutors, advocates, notaries and the path to practise

Egypt follows the continental model of separate judicial branches. The ordinary courts, topped by the Court of Cassation, decide civil, commercial, criminal and family cases. The State Council, modelled on the French Conseil d’État, decides disputes with public authorities and gives legal advice to the government. The Supreme Constitutional Court decides on the constitutionality of laws and regulations, interprets legislation and resolves conflicts of jurisdiction between courts. Specialised courts (economic, family, military and, since late 2025, labour) deal with particular matters. The legal professions are separate: judges and prosecutors form the judiciary, advocates are organised in the Bar Association, and notaries and registrars act within the Real Estate Registry and Notarisation Authority. For a foreigner, the key facts are where a claim is heard, who may act as a lawyer and what a foreign lawyer may and may not do.

General education on the law of Egypt, using invented people and businesses. It states laws and procedures in simplified form and is not legal advice. The law and its practice change, and every case turns on its facts, the authority and the community concerned. It does not offer legal representation or a legal opinion on any case. Consult an Egyptian advocate for any real matter.

This course was written on 5 November 2026. To the best of our knowledge, it describes the law of Egypt as it stood on that date. Laws change, and we may have missed or misunderstood something. If you notice a change, or have other information, please do not hesitate to contact us: we will review it and update the course. We do not claim to be the final source of the law.