Law of Germany

Module 4

Fundamental rights and administrative law: human dignity, the structure of rights, administrative acts, judicial review, state administration, tax and migration

Germany’s postwar constitutional order starts with rights. The Basic Law places the **fundamental rights** (Articles 1 to 19) before the organisation of the state, makes them **directly binding** on all state authority, and guarantees that anyone whose rights are violated may go to court. The result is a tradition of careful, structured analysis: every interference with a right is examined in the same sequence, and the test of proportionality gives courts a shared language. Administrative law follows the same spirit, with a clear concept of the administrative act, strong protection of the individual and a court system dedicated to controlling the administration. This module covers the rights, then administrative law and its courts, then tax and migration law.

General education on German law, using invented people and businesses. It states constitutional provisions, codes and landmark decisions in simplified form, and it is not legal advice. The law changes and every case turns on its facts. Consult a lawyer qualified in Germany for any real matter.