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Evidence Law
Privileges in Evidence
Privileges in Evidence Privileges are rules of evidence that protect certain communications, relationships, or information from compelled di
Evidence Law
Lay Witness Testimony
Lay Witness Testimony Lay witness testimony is one of the most common forms of evidence presented in American courts. It consists of testimo
Evidence Law
Expert Witnesses
Expert Witnesses Modern litigation frequently involves questions that cannot be answered adequately through ordinary observation or common e
Evidence Law
Impeachment of Witnesses
Impeachment of Witnesses Witness testimony can be decisive in a civil or criminal case. A witness may provide the only direct account of an
Evidence Law
Character Evidence
Character Evidence Character evidence occupies one of the most carefully controlled areas of American evidence law. At first glance, the rea
Evidence Law
Exceptions to the Hearsay Rule
Exceptions to the Hearsay Rule The general rule against hearsay is one of the central principles of American evidence law. Under Federal Rul
Evidence Law
Hearsay
Hearsay Hearsay is one of the most important concepts in American evidence law. It governs when a court may consider an out-of-court stateme
Evidence Law
The Best Evidence Rule
The Best Evidence Rule The Best Evidence Rule is an important principle of evidence law governing how a party proves the contents of a writi
Evidence Law
Authentication of Evidence
Authentication of Evidence Before evidence can ordinarily be admitted at trial, the party offering it must establish that the item is what t
Evidence Law
Judicial Notice
Judicial Notice Courts ordinarily determine disputed facts through evidence presented by the parties. Witnesses testify, documents are intro
Evidence Law
Presumptions and Inferences in Evidence Law
Presumptions and Inferences Presumptions and inferences are fundamental concepts in the law of evidence because courts rarely determine ever
Evidence Law
Direct and Circumstantial Evidence
Direct and Circumstantial Evidence Evidence presented in a legal proceeding may establish a fact in different ways. Sometimes a witness or o