19th and 20th centuries
Catharine A. MacKinnon
born 1946 · United States · Professor of law
1800 BCAD 2000
Life and ideas
Catharine MacKinnon is an American lawyer and professor, at Michigan and at Harvard among other places, who changed the law of sex equality. Her book Sexual Harassment of Working Women (1979) argued that sexual harassment is a form of sex discrimination, an idea accepted by the United States Supreme Court in 1986 and by many countries since. In Toward a Feminist Theory of the State (1989) she argued that the law and the state have treated the male viewpoint as neutral, and that equality law should ask not whether women are treated like men but whether women are kept in a subordinate position. With Andrea Dworkin she helped to draft ordinances against pornography, which divided feminists. She also brought cases of sexual violence in war before courts.
The big idea
The law's idea of equality has been measured against a male standard. A better approach looks at how law keeps women in a position of subordination, for example through sexual harassment and violence.
Main work
Toward a Feminist Theory of the State (1989)
Legacy
Shaped the legal concept of sexual harassment and the dominance approach to sex equality.
The school of thought
- Feminist Legal Theory: Law has often been written from a male standpoint: ask how it treats women, and change it.
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