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How to read legal citations in New Zealand

New Zealand citations are close to English and Australian ones, with a neutral citation for modern judgments.

Updated October 2026. Spotted a mistake? Tell us.

Style guide: New Zealand Law Style Guide. Used by New Zealand courts, law schools and journals. It is close to OSCOLA and the AGLC.

Real citations, decoded

Click or hover over any underlined piece to see what it means.

A case in the law reports Case

()

  1. Case name Peters v Davison
    The parties.
  2. Year in square brackets [1999]
    The year of the volume.
  3. Volume 2
    Volume 2 for that year.
  4. Series NZLR
    New Zealand Law Reports.
  5. First page 164
    The page where the report begins.
  6. Court CA
    The court that decided it: Court of Appeal.
Full citation: Peters v Davison [1999] 2 NZLR 164 (CA)

A modern case with a neutral citation Case

  1. Case name Ellis v R
    R means the Crown.
  2. Year [2022]
    The year of the judgment.
  3. Court NZSC
    New Zealand Supreme Court. Other examples: NZCA (Court of Appeal) and NZHC (High Court).
  4. Number 114
    The running number of the judgment in that court for that year.
Full citation: Ellis v R [2022] NZSC 114

A statute Statute

,

  1. Short title and year Companies Act 1993
    The Act's name and year.
  2. Section s 131
    Section 131, which requires directors to act in good faith and in the company's best interests.
Full citation: Companies Act 1993, s 131

A Court of Appeal case Case

()

  1. Case name Hosking v Runting
    The parties. The case on whether New Zealand law protects privacy against publication of facts.
  2. Year [2005]
    In square brackets because the volumes are arranged by year.
  3. Volume 1
    Volume 1.
  4. Report series NZLR
    New Zealand Law Reports.
  5. First page 1
    The page where the report begins.
  6. Court CA
    Court of Appeal.
Full citation: Hosking v Runting [2005] 1 NZLR 1 (CA)

A rights statute Statute

,

  1. Title and year New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990
    New Zealand's rights statute. It is an ordinary Act, not an entrenched constitution.
  2. Section s 6
    Section 6 says that, where a law can be read in a way that is consistent with the rights in the Act, that reading is preferred.
Full citation: New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990, s 6

Things to remember

  • NZ legislation is published free on the official legislation site.
  • The year in square brackets is part of the citation; round brackets mean the year is only extra information.

Where to find the text, free

To understand how courts and law fit together in New Zealand, read the New Zealand profile in the Legal Families Atlas.

Other legal systems

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TheLawToKnow Tools’s citation guide is an educational overview of standard conventions. Courts and journals sometimes vary, so check the style guide before submitting or publishing. It is not legal advice. Report a mistake.