The Portal To —
The European Union
A legal order above the member states: its treaties, its institutions, its Court of Justice and the way its law reaches national courts. Free articles, organized by subject, growing every week.
15 articles published so far.
Who This Page Is For
This portal collects material specific to European Union law, which is separate from the national law of each member state and from the Council of Europe's human-rights system. Everywhere else on this site, content reflects US law unless a page says otherwise.
EU
Constitutional Law
Exclusive, Shared, and Supporting Competences: The Division of Powers Between the EU and Member States
The Principle of Subsidiarity and Proportionality: Decision-Making, National Parliaments, and Judicial Review
The Principle of Conferral: The Limits of European Union Competence
The EU Legal Order and the Relationship Between EU Law and National Law: Primacy, Direct Effect, and Constitutional Authority
The Copenhagen Criteria and the EU Accession Process: Democracy, the Rule of Law, and the Adoption of the Acquis
The Fundamental Values and Objectives of the European Union
The Sources of European Union Law: Primary Law, Secondary Legislation, General Principles, and International Agreements
The Legal Nature of the European Union: A Supranational Legal Order Between International Law and Constitutionalism
EU Membership and the Development of the European Union: From Six Founding States to Twenty-Seven Members
The Treaty of Lisbon: Constitutional Reform and the Modern European Union
The Constitutional Treaty of 2004: The European Constitution That Never Entered into Force
The Maastricht Treaty and the Creation of the European Union
EU
Foundations of Law
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