Rape and sexual assault: penalties in each state and country
Sexual contact without consent, or with a person who cannot consent. The most serious degree usually involves force, serious injury or a very young victim.
What to look for: Some states add mandatory supervision after release, or no probation at all.
These are statutory ranges for a first offence, from the least to the most the law allows. A court decides the actual sentence in each case. Not legal advice.
34 states covered so far
Alabama
2 to 20 years (second degree) up to life or 99 years (first degree)
Show the degrees and the statutes
Rape in the second degree (Class B felony)
- Least
- 2 years
- Most
- 20 years
- Fine
- Up to $30,000, or twice the gain or loss
Rape in the first degree (Class A felony)
- Least
- 10 years
- Most
- Life imprisonment or up to 99 years
- Fine
- Up to $60,000, or twice the gain or loss
Where the victim of first-degree rape is under 12, the sentence is determined under the capital-sentencing article, and a life sentence there requires at least 30 years before parole consideration.
Alaska
Up to 10 years (second degree) up to 99 years (first degree)
Show the degrees and the statutes
Sexual assault in the second degree (Class B felony)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 10 years
- Fine
- Up to $100,000
Presumptive range for a first felony conviction: 1 to 3 years (higher in some listed circumstances). The court may adjust it under AS 12.55.155 to 12.55.175.
Sexual assault in the first degree (under AS 11.41.410(a)(1)(A), (2), (3) or (4)) (Unclassified felony)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 99 years
- Fine
- Up to $500,000
Presumptive range for a first felony conviction: 20 to 30 years if the victim was 13 or older; 25 to 35 years if the victim was under 13, or a firearm or dangerous instrument was used, or serious physical injury was caused. The court may adjust it under AS 12.55.155 to 12.55.175.
The most serious form, sexual assault in the first degree under AS 11.41.410(a)(1)(A), (2), (3) or (4), carries up to 99 years. The presumptive range for a first felony conviction is 20 to 30 years if the victim was 13 or older, and 25 to 35 years if the victim was under 13 or a firearm or dangerous instrument was used or serious physical injury was caused. The ranges for the other forms of the first degree were not read.
Arizona
5.25 to 14 years, and no probation
Show the degrees and the statutes
Sexual assault (Class 2 felony)
- Least
- 5.25 years
- Most
- 14 years
- Fine
- Fine of up to $150,000
A first offence: usual term 7 years. The person is not eligible for probation or suspension of the sentence. Longer ranges apply for a prior conviction (7 to 21 years and 14 to 28 years) and if serious physical injury was knowingly caused, life imprisonment is possible (§ 13-1406).
California
3 to 8 years (rape), and 15 or 25 years to life in aggravated cases
Show the degrees and the statutes
Rape (Felony)
- Least
- 3 years
- Most
- 8 years
- Fine
- Fine of up to $10,000, where the offence sets no fine (§ 672)
Three possible terms set by the statute: 3, 6 or 8. The court chooses among them.
Rape of a child under 14 (by force, violence or fear) (Felony)
- Least
- 9 years
- Most
- 13 years
- Fine
- Fine of up to $10,000, where the offence sets no fine (§ 672)
Three possible terms set by the statute: 9, 11 or 13. The court chooses among them.
Rape under the 'one strike' law (aggravating circumstances) (Felony)
- Least
- 15 years to life
- Most
- 25 years to life
- Fine
- Fine of up to $10,000, where the offence sets no fine (§ 672)
Applies where the listed circumstances are found, such as using a weapon, causing serious injury or committing the offence against more than one victim.
Colorado
A class 4 felony; a class 3 felony in aggravated circumstances; a class 2 felony in the most serious
Show the degrees and the statutes
Sexual assault (Class 4 felony)
- Least
- 2 years
- Most
- 6 years
- Fine
- $2,000 to $500,000
Sexual assault attended by listed aggravating circumstances (Class 3 felony)
- Least
- 4 years
- Most
- 12 years
- Fine
- $3,000 to $750,000
Sexual assault attended by the most serious circumstances listed in the section (Class 2 felony)
- Least
- 8 years
- Most
- 24 years
- Fine
- $5,000 to $1,000,000
Sexual offences in Colorado are sentenced under part 10 of article 1.3 (indeterminate sentences). That part was not read, so the ordinary class range is shown.
Connecticut
A class B felony (first degree sexual assault, with 2 years that may not be suspended); a class A felony if the victim is under 13
Show the degrees and the statutes
Sexual assault in the first degree (Class B felony)
- Least
- 1 year
- Most
- 20 years
- Fine
- Up to $15,000
Two years of the sentence may not be suspended or reduced. The offence is a class A felony where the victim is under a stated age.
Aggravated sexual assault in the first degree (Class B felony)
- Least
- 1 year
- Most
- 20 years
- Fine
- Up to $15,000
Delaware
Up to 15 years (fourth degree) up to life (first degree)
Show the degrees and the statutes
Rape in the fourth degree (Class C felony)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 15 years
Rape in the third degree (Class B felony)
- Least
- 2 years
- Most
- 25 years
Rape in the second degree (Class B felony)
- Least
- 2 years
- Most
- 25 years
Rape in the first degree (Class A felony)
- Least
- 15 years
- Most
- Life imprisonment
Florida
Up to 15 years up to life, or death in the most serious case
Show the degrees and the statutes
Sexual battery on an adult without the use of such force (Felony of the second degree)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- Up to 15 years
- Fine
- Fine of up to $10,000
Sexual battery under listed circumstances, or with such force (Felony of the first degree)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- A term of years up to life
- Fine
- Fine of up to $10,000
A first-degree felony, punishable in some cases by a term of years up to life.
Sexual battery on a child under 12 by a person 18 or older (Capital felony)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- Death, or life imprisonment with no parole
A capital felony, punishable as provided in §§ 775.082, 921.141 and 921.1425.
Florida calls this 'sexual battery'. The class depends on the age of the victim and whether physical force and violence likely to cause serious injury was used.
Idaho
At least 1 year, and the term may extend to life (rape)
Show the degrees and the statutes
Rape: penetration, however slight, in the circumstances listed in § 18-6101 (for example, a victim under 16 and a perpetrator 18 or older, or by force or threat) (Offence)
- Least
- 1 year
- Most
- Life imprisonment
Illinois
A Class 1 felony (criminal sexual assault) up to a Class X felony (aggravated criminal sexual assault)
Show the degrees and the statutes
Criminal sexual assault (Class 1 felony)
- Least
- 4 years
- Most
- 15 years
- Fine
- Up to $25,000, or the amount specified in the offence if greater
A repeat offence under paragraph (a)(1) or (a)(2) is a Class X felony with a term of 30 to 60 years.
Aggravated criminal sexual assault (Class X felony)
- Least
- 6 years
- Most
- 30 years
- Fine
- Up to $25,000, or the amount specified in the offence if greater
Ten years are added to the term for a violation of subsection (a)(1), and fifteen years for subsection (a)(8).
Iowa
Up to 10 years (third degree) to life without parole (first degree)
Show the degrees and the statutes
Sexual abuse in the third degree (Class C felony)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- Up to 10 years
- Fine
- Fine of $1,370 to $13,660
Sexual abuse in the second degree (Class B felony)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- Up to 25 years
Sexual abuse in the first degree (Class A felony)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- Life imprisonment, with no parole unless the Governor commutes the sentence
Where the person causes another serious injury in the course of the abuse.
Maine
Up to 10 years (Class B) up to 30 years (Class A)
Show the degrees and the statutes
Gross sexual assault by threat, by drugs or intoxicants, with a victim who is mentally disabled, or unconscious, and similar (Class B crime)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 10 years
- Fine
- A fine of up to $20,000
Gross sexual assault by compulsion, or with a victim under 14, or under 12 (Class A crime)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 30 years
- Fine
- A fine of up to $50,000
Maine calls the offence 'gross sexual assault', a sexual act with compulsion or with a victim under 14. A sexual act with threat or drugs is a Class B crime.
Maryland
Up to 20 years (second degree) up to life (first degree)
Show the degrees and the statutes
Rape in the second degree (Felony)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- Up to 20 years
Where a person 18 or older commits it against a child under 13 and the State gives 30 days' written notice, the sentence is 15 years to life, with no suspension and no parole during the 15 years.
Rape in the first degree (Felony)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- Life imprisonment; life without the possibility of parole for the forms in subsection (b), and for a repeat offender
Where a person 18 or older commits it against a child under 13 and the State gives 30 days' written notice, the sentence is 25 years to life without parole, with no suspension and no parole during the 25 years.
Massachusetts
Up to 20 years (rape); life or any term of years (aggravated rape; rape of a child with force)
Show the degrees and the statutes
Rape (Offence)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 20 years
A second or later offence is punished by life or any term of years.
Aggravated rape (Offence)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- Life imprisonment or any term of years
Rape (ch. 265, § 22(b)) is sexual intercourse or unnatural sexual intercourse compelled by force or threat of bodily injury. The aggravated form, § 22(a), covers rape that results in or is committed with serious bodily injury, by a joint enterprise, or during listed offences. Rape of a child under 16 by force or threat is punished by life or any term of years (§ 22A).
Michigan
Life or any term of years (criminal sexual conduct in the first degree)
Show the degrees and the statutes
Criminal sexual conduct in the first degree (Felony)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- Life imprisonment
Life or any term of years. The minimum is 25 years where an individual 17 or older commits it against a child under 13.
Criminal sexual conduct in the first degree (§ 750.520b) covers sexual penetration in listed circumstances, such as a victim under 13, force or coercion, or personal injury. Where an adult aged 17 or older commits it against a child under 13, the sentence is life or any term of years but not less than 25 years, and life without the possibility of parole applies to some repeat offenders aged 18 or older.
Minnesota
Up to 10 years (fourth degree) up to 30 years (first degree)
Show the degrees and the statutes
Criminal sexual conduct in the fourth degree (Felony)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 10 years
- Fine
- A fine of up to $20,000
Criminal sexual conduct in the third degree (Felony)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 15 years
- Fine
- A fine of up to $30,000
Criminal sexual conduct in the second degree (Felony)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 25 years
- Fine
- A fine of up to $35,000
Criminal sexual conduct in the first degree (Felony)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 30 years
- Fine
- A fine of up to $40,000
Minnesota calls these offences 'criminal sexual conduct' and grades them in four degrees by the nature of the act and the circumstances (penetration or contact, force, age of the victim, and the relationship). The maximum shown is for an offence against an adult or a minor of the kind that the degree covers. Mandatory minimum sentences apply to repeat sex offenders (§ 609.3455), which we have not read.
Missouri
A class A felony: 10 to 30 years, or life (first-degree rape)
Show the degrees and the statutes
Rape in the first degree (Class A felony)
- Least
- 10 years
- Most
- 30 years, or life imprisonment
Where the offence is an aggravated sexual offence, the term is life imprisonment as defined in the section.
Montana
Life imprisonment, or up to 20 years; life or 4 to 100 years if the victim is under 16 and the offender is 4 or more years older, or the offender inflicts bodily injury
Show the degrees and the statutes
Sexual intercourse without consent (Offence)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- Life imprisonment
- Fine
- Up to $50,000, in addition
The court may impose life imprisonment, or a term of up to 20 years.
Sexual intercourse without consent, where the victim is under 16 and the offender is 4 or more years older, or the offender inflicts bodily injury in the course of the offence (Offence)
- Least
- 4 years
- Most
- 100 years (or life imprisonment)
- Fine
- Up to $50,000, in addition
Nebraska
A Class II felony: 1 to 50 years (first degree); a Class IB felony with a 15 year minimum (a child, first degree)
Show the degrees and the statutes
Sexual assault in the first degree (Class II felony)
- Least
- 1 year
- Most
- 50 years
Sexual assault of a child in the first degree (Class IB felony)
- Least
- 15 years (mandatory minimum)
- Most
- Life imprisonment
The first offence carries a mandatory minimum of 15 years in prison, and a later offence carries a mandatory minimum of 25 years.
Nevada
A category A felony: life with parole after 10 years (no substantial bodily harm); life with parole after 15 years or life without parole (substantial bodily harm)
Show the degrees and the statutes
Sexual assault, where no substantial bodily harm results (Category A felony)
- Least
- 10 years before parole eligibility
- Most
- Life imprisonment, with the possibility of parole
Sexual assault, where substantial bodily harm results (Category A felony)
- Least
- Life with parole after 15 years, or life without parole
- Most
- Life imprisonment without the possibility of parole
Sexual assault of a child under 16, where substantial bodily harm results (Category A felony)
- Least
- Life without parole
- Most
- Life imprisonment without the possibility of parole
New Hampshire
A class B felony (felonious sexual assault) up to a class A felony (aggravated felonious sexual assault)
Show the degrees and the statutes
Felonious sexual assault (Class B felony)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 7 years
- Fine
- Up to $4,000
Aggravated felonious sexual assault (Class A felony)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 15 years
- Fine
- Up to $4,000
Extended terms under RSA 632-A:10-a apply to some forms and were not read.
Aggravated felonious sexual assault (RSA 632-A:2) is a class A felony, subject to extended terms under RSA 632-A:10-a for some forms, which were not read. Felonious sexual assault (RSA 632-A:3) is a class B felony.
New York
Up to 4 years (third degree) up to life (predatory sexual assault)
Show the degrees and the statutes
Rape in the third degree (Class E felony)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 4 years
- Fine
- Fine of up to the higher of $5,000 or double the gain from the crime (§ 80.00)
A non-violent felony carries an indeterminate sentence. The court sets the maximum, and the minimum is at least 1 year and no more than one-third of the maximum (§ 70.00).
Rape in the second degree (Class D felony)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 7 years
- Fine
- Fine of up to the higher of $5,000 or double the gain from the crime (§ 80.00)
A non-violent felony carries an indeterminate sentence. The court sets the maximum, and the minimum is at least 1 year and no more than one-third of the maximum (§ 70.00).
Rape in the first degree (Class B violent felony)
- Least
- 5 years
- Most
- 25 years
- Fine
- Fine of up to the higher of $5,000 or double the gain from the crime (§ 80.00)
A violent felony offense, followed by a period of post-release supervision.
Predatory sexual assault (Class A-II felony)
- Least
- A life sentence with a minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- Life
- Fine
- Fine of up to the higher of $5,000 or double the gain from the crime (§ 80.00)
A longer minimum applies than for other class A-II felonies (§ 70.00(3)).
North Carolina
Class C (second degree) up to Class B1 (first degree)
Show the degrees and the statutes
Second-degree forcible rape (Class C felony)
- Least
- 44 months (3 years 8 months)
- Most
- 123 months (10 years 3 months)
- Fine
- Fine in the court's discretion, in addition to imprisonment
Prior Record Level I: the minimum term runs from 44 to 92 months (mitigated 44 to 58, presumptive 58 to 73, aggravated 73 to 92). The maximum is 123 months where the minimum is 92 (G.S. 15A-1340.17(e)). Active prison is required.
First-degree forcible rape (Class B1 felony)
- Least
- 144 months (12 years)
- Most
- 372 months (31 years)
- Fine
- Fine in the court's discretion, in addition to imprisonment
Prior Record Level I: the minimum term runs from 144 to 300 months (mitigated 144 to 192, presumptive 192 to 240, aggravated 240 to 300). The maximum is set from the minimum by G.S. 15A-1340.17(e): 372 months where the minimum is 300. Active prison is required.
North Dakota
Up to 20 years (class A) up to life without parole (class AA)
Show the degrees and the statutes
Gross sexual imposition (Class A felony)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 20 years
- Fine
- A fine of up to $20,000
Gross sexual imposition in the class AA cases (serious bodily injury, a victim under 15 and an offender aged 22 or older, or a death) (Class AA felony)
- Least
- 20 years (5 years in exceptional cases)
- Most
- Life imprisonment without parole
For a class AA conviction under subdivision a of subsection 1, the court must impose a minimum of 20 years' imprisonment, with probation to follow, unless it finds a manifest injustice in the case, and then at least 5 years of incarceration.
North Dakota's main offence is 'gross sexual imposition': a sexual act with compulsion by force or threat, with a victim whose power to resist has been impaired without their knowledge, or with a victim under 15 years of age. It is a class AA felony if the actor inflicts serious bodily injury, for some offences against victims under 15 by an offender aged 22 or older, or if the victim dies.
Ohio
Felony of the first degree
Show the degrees and the statutes
Rape (Felony of the first degree)
- Least
- 3 years (minimum term)
- Most
- 16 years 6 months (an 11 year minimum plus 50 per cent)
- Fine
- Up to $20,000
Rape (R.C. 2907.02) is engaging in sexual conduct by force or threat of force, with a person whose ability to resist is substantially impaired, or with a person under 13. Rape of a child under 13 carries heavier penalties than the ordinary F1 range, including life, set in R.C. 2907.02(B).
Pennsylvania
A felony of the first degree (up to 20 years); up to 40 years (rape of a child); up to life (rape of a child with serious bodily injury)
Show the degrees and the statutes
Rape: sexual intercourse by forcible compulsion, by threat of forcible compulsion, or in the other circumstances listed in § 3121(a) (Felony of the first degree)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 20 years
Rape of a child (a complainant under 13) (Felony of the first degree)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 40 years
Rape of a child resulting in serious bodily injury (Felony of the first degree)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- Life imprisonment
Rhode Island
At least 10 years, and up to life (first-degree sexual assault)
Show the degrees and the statutes
First-degree sexual assault: sexual penetration by force or coercion, of a mentally incapacitated or physically helpless victim, or by surprise, among other circumstances (Offence)
- Least
- 10 years
- Most
- Life imprisonment
South Carolina
Up to 10 years (third degree) up to 30 years (first degree)
Show the degrees and the statutes
Criminal sexual conduct in the third degree (Felony)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 10 years
Criminal sexual conduct in the second degree (Felony)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 20 years
Criminal sexual conduct in the first degree (Felony)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 30 years
South Dakota
Up to 15 years (fourth degree) up to life (first degree)
Show the degrees and the statutes
Rape in the fourth degree (Class 3 felony)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 15 years
- Fine
- A fine of $30,000 may be added
Rape in the third degree (Class 2 felony)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 25 years
- Fine
- A fine of $50,000 may be added
Rape in the second degree (force, coercion or threats) (Class 1 felony)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 50 years
- Fine
- A fine of $50,000 may be added
Rape in the first degree (victim under 13) (Class C felony)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- Life imprisonment
- Fine
- A fine of $50,000 may be added
Rape in the first degree is rape of a victim under 13. Rape in the second degree is by force, coercion or threats. Rape in the third degree involves a victim incapable of consent by mental or physical incapacity or through intoxication or hypnosis. Rape in the fourth degree is rape of a victim aged 13 to 15 by a person at least three years older, or without the victim's consent.
Texas
2 to 20 years up to 5 to 99 years, or life
Show the degrees and the statutes
Sexual assault (Felony of the second degree)
- Least
- 2 years
- Most
- 20 years
- Fine
- Fine of up to $10,000
A first-degree felony in listed circumstances, such as certain victims the actor was prohibited from marrying.
Aggravated sexual assault (Felony of the first degree)
- Least
- 5 years
- Most
- 99 years, or life
- Fine
- Fine of up to $10,000
The minimum is raised to 25 years if the victim was under 6, or under 14 and the offence was committed in a manner described in § 22.021(a)(2)(A) (§ 22.021(f)).
Vermont
At least 3 years and up to life, and a fine of up to $25,000
Show the degrees and the statutes
Sexual assault (Offence)
- Least
- 3 years
- Most
- Life imprisonment
- Fine
- Up to $25,000, in addition
The minimum and maximum apply to violations of subsections (a), (b), (d) or (e). A violation of subsection (c) carries up to 20 years and a fine of up to $10,000.
Virginia
5 years to life
Show the degrees and the statutes
Rape (Felony (term set by the statute))
- Least
- 5 years
- Most
- Life
- Fine
- Fine of up to $100,000
If the offender was 18 or older and the victim was under 13, the sentence includes a mandatory minimum term of life.
Washington
Up to 5 years (third degree) up to life (first and second degree)
Show the degrees and the statutes
Rape in the third degree (Class C felony)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- Up to 5 years
- Fine
- Fine of up to $10,000
Rape in the second degree (Class A felony)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- Life imprisonment
- Fine
- Fine of up to $50,000
Rape in the first degree (Class A felony)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- Life imprisonment
- Fine
- Fine of up to $50,000
West Virginia
15 to 35 years and a fine of $1,000 to $10,000 (first-degree sexual assault)
Show the degrees and the statutes
Sexual assault in the first degree (Offence)
- Least
- 15 years
- Most
- 35 years
- Fine
- $1,000 to $10,000, in addition
Where the offender is 18 or older and the victim is under 12, the penalty is 25 to 100 years and a fine of $5,000 to $25,000 (§ 61-8B-3(c)).
32 countries covered so far
Country codes name the same acts differently, so each entry says which offence is the closest match. Ranges are from the code’s own text.
Algeria
5 to 10 years (rape) up to life (rape in the aggravated cases)
Show the degrees and the articles
Rape (Crime (réclusion))
- Least
- 5 years
- Most
- 10 years' réclusion
Rape of a girl under 16 (Crime (réclusion))
- Least
- 10 years
- Most
- 20 years' réclusion
Rape by an ascendant, a person in authority, a teacher, a public official or minister of religion, or with the help of others (Crime (réclusion))
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- Life imprisonment (réclusion criminelle à perpétuité)
Argentina
6 months to 4 years (sexual abuse) up to 8 to 20 years (aggravated sexual abuse with penetration)
Show the degrees and the articles
Sexual abuse (art. 119, first paragraph) (Prisión or reclusión)
- Least
- 6 months
- Most
- 4 years
Sexual abuse that amounts to a gravely outrageous sexual subjugation of the victim (Prisión or reclusión)
- Least
- 4 years
- Most
- 10 years
Sexual abuse with penetration (anal, vaginal or oral access, or acts with objects or parts of the body through the first two) (Prisión or reclusión)
- Least
- 6 years
- Most
- 15 years
Sexual abuse with penetration, aggravated (grave harm to health, committed by an ascendant, descendant, guardian or similar, by two or more persons or with arms, by police or security personnel in the course of duty, or against a minor under 18 living with the offender, among others) (Prisión or reclusión)
- Least
- 8 years
- Most
- 20 years
Argentina uses the term 'abuso sexual'. The basic offence (art. 119) covers sexual abuse of a person under 13, or with violence, threat, coercive abuse of a relationship of dependence, authority or power, or taking advantage of a person who cannot freely consent.
Austria
6 months to 5 years (sexual coercion) up to 10 to 20 years or life (rape resulting in death)
Show the degrees and the articles
Geschlechtliche Nötigung (compelling a sexual act by violence or a dangerous threat) (Straftat (Freiheitsstrafe))
- Least
- 6 months
- Most
- 5 years
5 to 15 years where serious injury or other grave consequences result, and 10 to 20 years or life where it results in death (§ 202(2)).
Vergewaltigung (rape: compelling intercourse or a similar act by violence, deprivation of liberty or a threat to life or limb) (Straftat (Freiheitsstrafe))
- Least
- 2 years
- Most
- 10 years
Vergewaltigung with serious injury, pregnancy, a long period of torment or special degradation (Straftat (Freiheitsstrafe))
- Least
- 5 years
- Most
- 15 years
Vergewaltigung resulting in the death of the victim (Straftat (Freiheitsstrafe))
- Least
- 10 years (up to 20 years if a fixed term is chosen)
- Most
- Life imprisonment (lebenslange Freiheitsstrafe)
Brazil
6 to 10 years (rape) up to 12 to 30 years (rape resulting in death)
Show the degrees and the articles
Estupro (forcing a person, by violence or serious threat, to have intercourse or another sexual act) (Reclusão (the more serious kind of prison))
- Least
- 6 years
- Most
- 10 years
Estupro causing serious bodily injury, or of a victim under 18 and over 14 (Reclusão (the more serious kind of prison))
- Least
- 8 years
- Most
- 12 years
Estupro de vulnerável (sexual intercourse or another sexual act with a person under 14, or one who cannot resist) (Reclusão (the more serious kind of prison))
- Least
- 10 years
- Most
- 18 years
Estupro resulting in death (Reclusão (the more serious kind of prison))
- Least
- 12 years
- Most
- 30 years
Bulgaria
2 to 8 years (rape); 3 to 10 years (aggravated); 3 to 15 years (most serious)
Show the degrees and the articles
Rape (изнасилване) (Offence (лишаване от свобода))
- Least
- 2 years
- Most
- 8 years
Rape of a person under 18, or in other listed circumstances (Offence (лишаване от свобода))
- Least
- 3 years
- Most
- 10 years
Rape by two or more persons, causing moderate bodily harm, followed by an attempt at suicide, or in other listed circumstances (Offence (лишаване от свобода))
- Least
- 3 years
- Most
- 15 years
The text read defines rape as sexual intercourse with a woman who is unable to defend herself and does not consent, who is coerced by force or threat, or who is brought into a helpless state (art. 152(1)). The Code has other provisions for sexual acts against other victims, which were not read.
Canada
Up to 10 years (sexual assault) up to life (aggravated sexual assault)
Show the degrees and the articles
Sexual assault (Hybrid offence (indictable or summary))
- Least
- 1 year if the complainant is under 16 (6 months on summary conviction)
- Most
- 10 years (14 years if the complainant is under 16)
On summary conviction the maximum is two years less a day.
Sexual assault with a weapon, threats to a third party or causing bodily harm (Indictable offence)
- Least
- 4 years if a firearm is used; 5 years if the complainant is under 16
- Most
- 14 years (life if the complainant is under 16)
Aggravated sexual assault (wounding, maiming, disfiguring or endangering life) (Indictable offence)
- Least
- 4 years if a firearm is used; 5 years if the complainant is under 16
- Most
- Imprisonment for life
China
3 to 10 years (rape) up to at least 10 years, life or death (aggravated)
Show the degrees and the articles
Rape (强奸罪) (Crime (fixed-term imprisonment))
- Least
- 3 years
- Most
- 10 years' fixed-term imprisonment
Rape in an aggravated case (a bad case, multiple victims, in public, gang rape, a girl under 10, or causing serious injury, death or other grave consequences) (Crime (fixed-term imprisonment))
- Least
- 10 years (if a fixed term is chosen)
- Most
- Death, or life imprisonment, or fixed-term imprisonment of 15 years
Article 236 defines rape as forcing a woman by violence, coercion or other means. Intercourse with a girl under 14 is treated as rape, with a heavier penalty. The gravest cases include rape in public, by two or more, of a girl under 10, or causing serious injury or death.
Croatia
3 to 8 years (rape); 5 to 12 years (by force or threat)
Show the degrees and the articles
Rape (silovanje): sexual intercourse or an equivalent sexual act without the person's consent (Offence (kazna zatvora))
- Least
- 3 years
- Most
- 8 years
Rape by force or by a threat to attack life or body directly (Offence (kazna zatvora))
- Least
- 5 years
- Most
- 12 years
Czechia
2 to 10 years; up to 12 years if aggravated
Show the degrees and the articles
Rape (znásilnění): sexual intercourse or an equivalent act against a person's recognisable will, forcing a person to it, or abusing their helplessness (Offence (imprisonment))
- Least
- 2 years
- Most
- 10 years
Rape of a child, a pregnant woman, or in other aggravated circumstances (Offence (imprisonment))
- Least
- 3 years
- Most
- 12 years
England and Wales
Up to 10 years (sexual assault) and up to life (rape)
Show the degrees and the articles
Sexual assault (Sexual Offences Act 2003, s.3) (Indictable or either-way offence)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 10 years' imprisonment
Rape (Sexual Offences Act 2003, s.1) (Indictable offence (Crown Court))
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- Life imprisonment
Finland
1 to 6 years (rape); 2 to 10 years (aggravated rape)
Show the degrees and the articles
Rape (raiskaus) (Offence)
- Least
- 1 year
- Most
- 6 years
Aggravated rape (törkeä raiskaus) (Offence)
- Least
- 2 years
- Most
- 10 years
Finland defines rape by the absence of voluntary participation (ch. 20, s. 1). A person does not participate voluntarily if they have not shown it in words, behaviour or otherwise, if they were forced by violence or a threat, or if they could not form or express their will for a listed reason (unconsciousness, illness, disability, fear, strong intoxication and others).
France
Up to 5 years (sexual assault other than rape) up to life (rape with torture)
Show the degrees and the articles
Sexual assault other than rape (Délit (emprisonnement))
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 5 years' imprisonment
- Fine
- Fine of up to €75,000
Rape (any act of sexual penetration or oral-genital contact by violence, constraint, threat or surprise) (Crime (réclusion criminelle))
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 15 years' criminal imprisonment
Rape causing mutilation or permanent disability, of a child under 15, or of a vulnerable person (listed circumstances) (Crime (réclusion criminelle))
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 20 years' criminal imprisonment
Rape causing the victim's death (Crime (réclusion criminelle))
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 30 years' criminal imprisonment
A safety period applies automatically (art. 132-23): no early release for 18 years, which the court can raise to 22 and, in listed cases, to 30 years or to no early release at all.
Rape preceded, accompanied or followed by torture or barbarous acts (Crime (réclusion criminelle))
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- Life imprisonment (réclusion criminelle à perpétuité)
A safety period applies automatically (art. 132-23): no early release for 18 years, which the court can raise to 22 and, in listed cases, to 30 years or to no early release at all.
Germany
6 months to 5 years (sexual assault) up to life or at least 10 years (resulting in death)
Show the degrees and the articles
Sexuelle Übergriffe (sexual assault against a person's discernible will) (Vergehen (less serious offence: lower minimum, or a fine))
- Least
- 6 months
- Most
- 5 years
Sexuelle Nötigung (sexual coercion by force, threat to life or limb, or exploiting a person at the offender's mercy) (Verbrechen (serious offence: minimum term of one year or more))
- Least
- 1 year
- Most
- 15 years (the longest fixed term, section 38)
Vergewaltigung (rape: sexual intercourse or comparable acts, especially degrading, or committed jointly by several people) (Verbrechen (serious offence: minimum term of one year or more))
- Least
- 2 years
- Most
- 15 years (the longest fixed term, section 38)
Rape or sexual coercion with a weapon carried, or placing the victim at risk of serious damage to health (Verbrechen (serious offence: minimum term of one year or more))
- Least
- 3 years
- Most
- 15 years (the longest fixed term, section 38)
Rape or sexual coercion with a weapon used, serious physical abuse or danger of death (Verbrechen (serious offence: minimum term of one year or more))
- Least
- 5 years
- Most
- 15 years (the longest fixed term, section 38)
Sexual assault, coercion or rape resulting in death (Verbrechen (serious offence: minimum term of one year or more))
- Least
- 10 years
- Most
- Imprisonment for life
Or life imprisonment.
German law makes sexual acts against a person's discernible will an offence. Rape is an 'especially serious case' of section 177. Less serious cases have lower ranges (section 177(9)).
Hungary
2 to 8 years (sexual violence); 5 to 10 years (child under 12)
Show the degrees and the articles
Sexual violence (szexuális erőszak): sexual coercion by force or a direct threat to life or physical integrity, or using a person's incapacity to resist or to express their will (Offence (deprivation of liberty))
- Least
- 2 years
- Most
- 8 years
Sexual act with a person who has not turned 12 (Offence (deprivation of liberty))
- Least
- 5 years
- Most
- 10 years
Iceland
1 to 16 years (rape)
Show the degrees and the articles
Rape (nauðgun) (Offence (fangelsi))
- Least
- 1 year
- Most
- 16 years
General Penal Code of Iceland (Almenn hegningarlög), art. 194
Rape (nauðgun, art. 194) is having intercourse or other sexual acts with a person without their consent. Consent is present if it is expressed freely, and absent if violence, threats or other unlawful coercion are used. It is also rape to use deception or exploit a person's mistake about the circumstances, or to exploit a mental illness or other disability or any other state in which the person cannot resist or understand the act.
India
At least 10 years up to life (rape), and at least 20 years up to life where the victim dies
Show the degrees and the articles
Rape (Offence (imprisonment of either description))
- Least
- 10 years (rigorous imprisonment)
- Most
- Imprisonment for life
- Fine
- A fine may also be imposed
Rape that causes the woman's death or leaves her in a persistent vegetative state (Offence (imprisonment of either description))
- Least
- 20 years (rigorous imprisonment)
- Most
- Imprisonment for life (the remainder of the person's natural life)
The Sanhita defines rape in s. 63 as penetration in listed ways, without consent or against the woman's will. The aggravated forms in s. 64(2), such as rape by a police officer within the limits of a police station or on a woman in custody, carry higher penalties.
Ireland
Up to 10 years (sexual assault); up to imprisonment for life (rape under section 4, aggravated sexual assault)
Show the degrees and the articles
Sexual assault (Offence)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 10 years (14 years if the person assaulted was under 17)
Aggravated sexual assault (Offence)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- Imprisonment for life
Rape under section 4 (Offence)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- Imprisonment for life
Sexual assault (Criminal Law (Rape) (Amendment) Act 1990, s. 2) carries up to 10 years, or up to 14 years if the person assaulted was under 17. Aggravated sexual assault (s. 3, serious violence or injury, humiliation or degradation of a grave nature) and 'rape under section 4' (penetration of the anus or mouth by the penis, or of the vagina by an object, s. 4) each carry imprisonment for life. Rape itself is defined in s. 2 of the Criminal Law (Rape) Act 1981. The Acts read did not state its penalty, so none is given here for rape.
Italy
6 to 12 years, increased by a third in the aggravated cases
Show the degrees and the articles
Violenza sessuale (sexual violence) (Delitto (reclusione))
- Least
- 6 years
- Most
- 12 years
Violenza sessuale with the aggravating circumstances of art. 609-ter (Delitto (reclusione))
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- The penalty of art. 609-bis, increased by one third
Increased by half where the victim is under 14, and doubled where the victim is under 10.
Italy has one offence, 'violenza sessuale': forcing a person by violence, threat or abuse of authority to perform or undergo sexual acts, or inducing them by exploiting their inferiority or by deceit. The aggravated cases include a victim who is a child of the offender, the use of weapons or drugs, and others.
Japan
6 months to 10 years (non-consensual indecent act) up to life (rape resulting in death or injury)
Show the degrees and the articles
Non-consensual indecent acts (不同意わいせつ) (Crime (detention, 拘禁刑))
- Least
- 6 months
- Most
- 10 years
Non-consensual sexual intercourse etc. (不同意性交等) (Crime (detention, 拘禁刑))
- Least
- 5 years
- Most
- 20 years (the longest fixed term, art. 12)
Non-consensual indecent acts resulting in death or injury (Crime (detention, 拘禁刑))
- Least
- 3 years
- Most
- Life imprisonment (detention for life)
Life or a fixed term of at least 3 years.
Non-consensual sexual intercourse etc. resulting in death or injury (Crime (detention, 拘禁刑))
- Least
- 6 years
- Most
- Life imprisonment (detention for life)
Life or a fixed term of at least 6 years.
The 2023 reform replaced 'rape' with 'non-consensual sexual intercourse etc.' (不同意性交等). It does not depend on force. It covers a person made unable to form, express or act on an unwillingness by violence or threat, by drugs or alcohol, by sleep, by fear, by abuse of a position, and other listed causes. The same offences apply to any act with a person under 16 (for 13 to 15, only where the offender was born five or more years earlier).
Latvia
4 to 10 years (rape); life or 5 to 20 years (group rape, or rape of a minor); life or 10 to 20 years (serious consequences, or victim under 16)
Show the degrees and the articles
Rape (izvarošana): a sexual act exploiting the victim's helplessness, or against the victim's will by violence, threats or abuse of trust or authority (Offence (brīvības atņemšana))
- Least
- 4 years
- Most
- 10 years
Rape by a group, or rape of a minor (Offence (brīvības atņemšana))
- Least
- 5 years (the alternative is life)
- Most
- Life imprisonment (mūža ieslodzījums)
Rape that caused serious consequences, or rape of a person under 16 (Offence (brīvības atņemšana))
- Least
- 10 years (the alternative is life)
- Most
- Life imprisonment (mūža ieslodzījums)
Morocco
5 to 10 years (rape) up to 20 years, and up to 30 years in the gravest listed cases
Show the degrees and the articles
Rape (Crime (réclusion))
- Least
- 5 years
- Most
- 10 years' réclusion
Rape of a girl under 18, a woman who cannot consent, a woman with a disability or weak mental faculties, or a pregnant woman (Crime (réclusion))
- Least
- 10 years
- Most
- 20 years' réclusion
Article 486 defines rape as sexual relations by a man with a woman against her will. Articles 487 and 488 raise the penalty where the offender is an ascendant, a person in authority or a guardian, or was helped by others, and in other listed cases, up to 30 years.
Netherlands
Up to 4 years (rape by fault) up to 9 or 12 years (intentional rape)
Show the degrees and the articles
Schuldverkrachting (rape by fault: having serious reason to suspect that the person lacks the will) (Misdrijf (crime))
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 4 years' prison
Opzetverkrachting (intentional rape: knowing that the person lacks the will) (Misdrijf (crime))
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 9 years' prison
Gekwalificeerde opzetverkrachting (preceded, accompanied or followed by coercion, violence or threat) (Misdrijf (crime))
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 12 years' prison
The Dutch code defines these offences as sexual acts that involve sexual penetration of the body, with a person who lacks the will to engage in them. It distinguishes rape through fault (schuldverkrachting: the offender had serious reason to suspect that the will was lacking) from intentional rape (opzetverkrachting: the offender knew). The qualified form involves coercion, violence or threat. Article 244 sets out when a person is treated as lacking the will.
New Zealand
Up to 20 years (sexual violation)
Show the degrees and the articles
Sexual violation (Offence)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 20 years
There is a presumption of imprisonment (s. 128B(2)).
Sexual violation is rape or unlawful sexual connection. A person convicted must be sentenced to imprisonment unless the court thinks, having regard to the particular circumstances of the person convicted and the offence, that they should not be (s. 128B(2) and (3)).
Norway
Up to 6 years (sexual intercourse without consent); up to 10 years (by force or threatening conduct); up to 21 years (aggravated)
Show the degrees and the articles
Rape, lower tier (voldtekt) (Offence)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 6 years
Rape, higher tier (by violence or threatening conduct, among others) (Offence)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 10 years
Aggravated rape (grov voldtekt) (Offence)
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 21 years
Norway's rape offence (voldtekt, s. 291) has a lower tier for sexual intercourse with a person who has not consented in words or actions (up to 6 years) and a higher tier for obtaining it by violence or threatening conduct, or with a person who has expressed unwillingness, among others (up to 10 years). The aggravated offence (s. 293) applies to a violation of the higher tier committed by several together, in a particularly painful or degrading way, or where the victim dies as a result.
Portugal
1 to 6 years (rape, coercion by non-violent means); 3 to 10 years (rape by violence or serious threat)
Show the degrees and the articles
Sexual coercion (coação sexual), by non-violent constraint (Offence (pena de prisão))
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 5 years
Sexual coercion by violence, grave threat, or making the victim unconscious or unable to resist (Offence (pena de prisão))
- Least
- 1 year
- Most
- 8 years
Rape (violação), non-violent constraint against the person's recognisable will (Offence (pena de prisão))
- Least
- 1 year
- Most
- 6 years
Rape (violação), by violence, grave threat, or making the victim unconscious or unable to resist (Offence (pena de prisão))
- Least
- 3 years
- Most
- 10 years
Since the 2023 amendment, art. 164(1) covers constraining a person to undergo or perform penetrative acts by any means against the person's recognisable will (1 to 6 years). Art. 164(2) covers the same acts by violence, grave threat, or after making the victim unconscious or unable to resist (3 to 10 years). Sexual coercion (art. 163) covers other sexual acts.
Russia
3 to 6 years (rape) up to 15 to 20 years or life (the gravest forms)
Show the degrees and the articles
Rape (intercourse by violence or threat, or taking advantage of the victim's helplessness) (Grave crime)
- Least
- 3 years
- Most
- 6 years' imprisonment
Rape by a group, with a threat to kill or to cause grievous harm, or with special cruelty (Grave crime)
- Least
- 4 years
- Most
- 10 years' imprisonment
Rape of a minor, or causing grievous harm or other grave consequences by negligence (Especially grave crime)
- Least
- 8 years
- Most
- 15 years' imprisonment
Rape causing the victim's death by negligence, or of a victim under 14 (Especially grave crime)
- Least
- 12 years
- Most
- 20 years' imprisonment
The gravest forms (repeat offence against minors, several minors, or together with another grave crime) (Especially grave crime)
- Least
- 15 years
- Most
- 20 years' imprisonment, or life imprisonment
Article 132 (violent acts of a sexual nature) has the same penalties for acts other than intercourse.
South Korea
At least 3 years (rape); life or at least 5 years if injury is caused
Show the degrees and the articles
Rape (sexual intercourse by violence or threat) (Offence)
- Least
- 3 years
- Most
- 30 years (the maximum for a term of imprisonment)
Rape, or related sexual offences, causing injury (Offence)
- Least
- 5 years
- Most
- Imprisonment for life
Life imprisonment, or a term of at least five years.
Spain
1 to 4 years (agresión sexual) up to 12 to 15 years (violent rape in an aggravated case)
Show the degrees and the articles
Agresión sexual (any sexual act without consent) (Pena menos grave (prison of 3 months to 5 years))
- Least
- 1 year
- Most
- 4 years
Agresión sexual with violence or intimidation, or where the victim's will was annulled (Pena menos grave (prison of 3 months to 5 years))
- Least
- 1 year
- Most
- 5 years
Violación (agresión sexual by penetration) (Pena grave (prison of more than 5 years))
- Least
- 4 years
- Most
- 12 years
Violación with violence or intimidation, or where the victim's will was annulled (Pena grave (prison of more than 5 years))
- Least
- 6 years
- Most
- 12 years
Violación in an aggravated case (acting jointly, extreme violence and others) (Pena grave (prison of more than 5 years))
- Least
- 7 years
- Most
- 15 years
12 to 15 years where the rape also involved violence or intimidation (art. 179(2)).
Since the 2022 law, Spain treats every non-consensual sexual act as agresión sexual. 'Violación' is an agresión sexual with vaginal, anal or oral penetration (or introducing body parts or objects into the first two). The aggravating circumstances of art. 180 include acting jointly, extreme violence, and a particularly vulnerable victim.
Sweden
3 to 6 years (våldtäkt) up to 5 to 12 years (grov våldtäkt)
Show the degrees and the articles
Våldtäkt, less serious (mindre grov våldtäkt) (Brott (fängelse))
- Least
- 6 months
- Most
- 4 years
Våldtäkt (rape: intercourse, or a comparable sexual act, with a person who does not participate voluntarily) (Brott (fängelse))
- Least
- 3 years
- Most
- 6 years
Våldtäkt mot barn (rape of a child under 15) (Brott (fängelse))
- Least
- 3 years
- Most
- 6 years
The article also covers some acts against children of 15 to 17 years in a relationship of dependence on the offender.
Grov våldtäkt (gross rape: violence or threats of an especially serious kind, more than one offender, or an especially young or vulnerable victim) (Brott (fängelse))
- Least
- 5 years
- Most
- 12 years
Sweden defines rape by a lack of voluntary participation, not by force. A person can never be considered to participate voluntarily where the participation follows from assault, other violence or a threat of a criminal act, among other listed causes. Rape of a child under 15 is a separate offence.
Switzerland
Up to 3 years (sexual assault) up to 1 to 10 years (rape by coercion), and at least 3 years if cruel or armed
Show the degrees and the articles
Sexueller Übergriff (a sexual act against a person's will) (Vergehen (misdemeanour: up to 3 years or a fine))
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 3 years
- Fine
- A fine (Geldstrafe) may be imposed instead of prison
Sexuelle Nötigung (coercing a sexual act by threat, violence or psychological pressure) (Vergehen (misdemeanour: up to 3 years or a fine))
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 10 years
- Fine
- A fine (Geldstrafe) may be imposed instead of prison
Vergewaltigung (intercourse or a similar penetrating act against a person's will) (Verbrechen (felony: more than 3 years))
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- 5 years
Vergewaltigung by coercion (threat, violence, psychological pressure, or making the person unable to resist) (Verbrechen (felony: more than 3 years))
- Least
- 1 year
- Most
- 10 years
Vergewaltigung by coercion, committed cruelly or with a dangerous weapon or object (Verbrechen (felony: more than 3 years))
- Least
- 3 years
- Most
- 20 years (the longest fixed term, art. 40)
Since the 2024 reform, Swiss law treats a sexual act or intercourse 'against a person's will' as an offence, without requiring force. Coercion by threat, violence, psychological pressure or making the person unable to resist carries a higher scale.
Taiwan
3 to 10 years (rape); at least 7 years (aggravated)
Show the degrees and the articles
Forced sexual intercourse (強制性交) (Offence)
- Least
- 3 years
- Most
- 10 years
Aggravated forced sexual intercourse (Offence)
- Least
- 7 years
- Most
- 15 years (the maximum for a limited term, up to 20 if aggravated; art. 33)
Art. 221 covers sexual intercourse by force, coercion, intimidation, hypnosis or other means against the victim's will. Art. 222 covers aggravated forms, including by two or more persons, against a person under 14, against a person with a mental or physical disability, with drugs, with torment, with a weapon, or by entering a dwelling.
Turkey
5 to 10 years (sexual assault) up to at least 12 years (with penetration), and aggravated life if the victim dies
Show the degrees and the articles
Cinsel saldırı (sexual assault that violates bodily integrity) (Crime (hapis, prison))
- Least
- 5 years
- Most
- 10 years
2 to 5 years where the act remains at the level of harassment. On the victim's complaint.
Cinsel saldırı by penetration with an organ or other object (Crime (hapis, prison))
- Least
- 12 years
- Most
- 20 years (the longest fixed term, art. 49)
Çocukların cinsel istismarı (sexual abuse of a child) (Crime (hapis, prison))
- Least
- 8 years
- Most
- 15 years
At least 10 years where the child is under 12.
Çocukların cinsel istismarı by penetration with an organ or object (Crime (hapis, prison))
- Least
- 16 years
- Most
- 20 years (the longest fixed term, art. 49)
At least 18 years where the child is under 12.
Sexual assault or child abuse where the victim falls into a vegetative state or dies (Crime (hapis, prison))
- Least
- No minimum term set by the statute
- Most
- Aggravated life imprisonment (ağırlaştırılmış müebbet hapis)
Turkey's Penal Code has no offence called 'rape'. Sexual assault by penetration with an organ or object is the aggravated form of art. 102, with a minimum of 12 years. Offences against children are in art. 103. Each is increased by half in the listed aggravated cases, such as a defenceless victim, an abuse of authority, a relative, or more than one person.
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